NIO ET9 Adopts ZF’s Steer-By-Wire Technology For Production

ZF has started equipping the NIO ET9, an electric flagship model from the Chinese automaker Nio, with its steer-by-wire system. The system includes a steering wheel actuator that sends electronic commands to the wheels, eliminating the need for a traditional mechanical connection. The technology also integrates a torque feedback unit, which provides a simulated steering feel.

In ZF's steer-by-wire steering system, a mechatronic actuator between the wheels is the only source of steering power. There is no longer a mechanical connection between the steering wheel and steering gear. The steering commands are issued by a steering wheel actuator in the cockpit, which has a corresponding angle of rotation sensor. An electric drive - the so-called torque feedback unit - reproduces the natural steering feel and feedback from the road. The ZF system adjusts the steering ratio individually so that the ratio of the steering wheel angle to the wheel angle is optimally adapted at different driving speeds or situations.

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Dr. Peter Holdmann, Member of the Board of Management at ZF and responsible for the Chassis Solutions Division, said, "We are supplying customers with the steering of the future. With our production-ready steer-by-wire steering system, we are launching the era of the software-defined vehicle. With an entire portfolio of innovative by-wire technologies, we are a sought-after supplier and a key driver of future-oriented chassis technologies. ZF is thus establishing itself as a technology leader in this area and giving car manufacturers such as NIO new freedom in terms of design, comfort, driving functions and safety."

ZF has been expanding its by-wire solutions beyond China. Another global automaker has already adopted the steer-by-wire system for mass production, and customer orders are confirmed in Europe. The company also supplies brake-by-wire technology, with a major contract covering nearly five million vehicles worldwide.

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In January 2024, ZF combined its Active Safety Technology and Car Chassis Technology divisions to strengthen its focus on by-wire chassis systems. This restructuring aims to advance the development of electronically controlled steering, braking, and damping solutions for electric and automated vehicles.

Danilo Teobaldi, Principal Chief Engineer at NIO, said, “At NIO, we are committed to delivering groundbreaking innovations that redefine premium driving experience. Steer-by-wire technology is a key enabler of software-defined vehicles, offering enhanced driving comfort, uncompromised dynamics, and future-proof technology. "